What are the social sciences subjects

Of basic sense are also the appropriate socio-cultural processes. In leading countries, a person gradually gains more individual freedom by using innovative communication systems and creates the own virtual world which goes beyond the scopes of a national state organism. At the same time, an individual becomes a leading producer of intellectual information, due to which he/she has the reasons to pretend to a role in the world space which is independent of the state and a social group. On the other hand, this gives rise to a certain conflict between flexible interests of an autonomous person and social values consolidated within the framework of a nation.

Social subject: the problem of typology and development

On the boundary of the third millennium from the Christmas, the determination of character, functions, specificity of development of a sociohistorical subject remains the major problem of humanitarian scientifictheoretical analysis. This key question is methodologically central in any research of social reality.
The   classics of sociological thought paid attention to various aspects of studying a subject. A founder of the French sociological school E. Durkheim proposed to consider a society as an outside- and superindividual reality which has imperative force as for individuals and does not depend on them. M. Weber interpreted subjectivity through the notion of “ideal type” and “rationalization”.

Sociology research

 Sociology research

 There exist different types of prognoses. Social prognostication is carried out with the purpose to develop recommendations as for the optimum influence on a forecasted phenomenon or a process with the purpose of their realization or prevention. Depending on the period, on which the prognostication is rated, one distinguishes current, short-term, middle-term, and long-term prognoses.

Methodology of socio-historical prognostication

A man exists in the system of the past, present, and future which characterize the irreversibility
of the course of time. The comprehension of these three states of time came to the humanity only after the invention of written language. In fact, the past becomes only then “turned back”, when it is not only remembered but is written. The differentiation of the past, present, and future is shown most
clearly by the Judaic-Christian tradition.

Systemic socio-historical processes

The presence of the above-mentioned interrelation between societal indices allows one to reconstruct all indices if one of them is known. For example, by determining the quantitative characteristics for the index intentionality/executivity, one can reconstruct others. However, it should be noted that the
social cycles of three basic subjects types oppose pairwise to one another: the individual social cycle opposes to the public social cycle, and the last, in turn, does to the civilizational one.

Processes of socialization and social control

The transient stages, revolution and co-evolution, are characterized by the anomy (the discrepancy between the normative dimension and the dimension of interests), schizophrenic public consciousness (the discrepancy between the ideal dimension and the dimension of interests), social frustration (the discrepancy between the interactive dimension and dimension of interests),
refusal from legitimization, and the discrepancy between the normative and ideal dimensions.

Co-evolution

Every time after the next (sudden to a certain extent) revolutionary period of renewal of the society, the normative period of involution comes. It is associated in the semantic historical meaning with the mastering of constituents of the social (personal, public, civilizational) system of new general-systemic qualities. By its content, this period reminds that of socialization of generations.
So, the morally-ethic constituent of development becomes priority in this case. On this stage, the society attempts to support the own traditional foundations, but a person prepares, on the contrary, to be in opposition to the society which reinforces the role of mythologemas.