Processes of socialization and social control

The transient stages, revolution and co-evolution, are characterized by the anomy (the discrepancy between the normative dimension and the dimension of interests), schizophrenic public consciousness (the discrepancy between the ideal dimension and the dimension of interests), social frustration (the discrepancy between the interactive dimension and dimension of interests),
refusal from legitimization, and the discrepancy between the normative and ideal dimensions.
But, according to the thought of S. Moscovici, if the society wishes not only to survive, but to develop and to counteract to conflicts which destroy social ties, it should mobilize beliefs and passions. The loss of beliefs and apathy can give rise to the loss of both the social network of ties and ability to actions. Beliefs and passions are periodically capable to reproduce the solidarity and desire to participate in actions which exceed the individuals’ abilities and become general for this reason.

Social control

  The co-evolutionary character is intrinsic to the changes with a transformation inside of a certain system. But the changes of revolutionary type are characterized by a radical change of the very system.
The normative periods of the universal epochal cycle are involution and evolution.
Involution and evolution are characterized, respectively, by the processes of socialization and social control. In the state of involution, the social consensus and the power of laws prevail, and the people is ready to sacrifice by its welfare for families or the Homeland. The involutionary state of a socium
is characterized by the position when the reality determines consciousness. In this case, the public regulations and norms are in resonance with general beliefs. In the evolutionary phase of development, on the contrary, consciousness dominates and forms a reality, and personal interests and
passions prevail. In the involutionary phase of development, the social  determines individual psychological peculiarities. But in the evolutionary state, on the contrary, individual psychological peculiarities determine the social processes, phenomena, institutions.

The involutionary period of our history is the soviet one which is common for Ukraine and Russia, but not for Byelorussia. The last then still was in the evolutionary period. The soviet involutionary stage and the western evolutionary one differ on the whole by the amount of social  roles (the term of
H. Spencer): 30–40 thousand for the Soviet area (by example of Soviet Ukraine) and 70 thousand for West. In this context, we may say that the differentiation in the Soviet countries was underdeveloped.
In general, the involutionary period is characterized by a certain social regression and the simplification of a social structure. Involution can be considered as a regress as compared to the previous evolutionary period (within the framework of this cycle). On the contrary, the evolutionary period is characterized by the progressing differentiation of a social structure.

The involutionary phase of development mythologizes the society, whereas the an evolutionary phase makes the public life more pragmatic and the ties between subjects rational. Involution is the period of domination of collective norms with the relevant limitation of individual’s freedom.
The development of the universal epochal cycle indicates that the societal characteristics undergo historical changes. For the periods of revolution and co-evolution which reveal the systemic crisis, scarcely one can say about definite societal characteristics. These transient periods are characterized by fluctuations as the state with dynamical nonequilibrium. The involutionary period of development demonstrates extroversity (orientation of the societal psychics to the material essence of external objects), externality, irrationality, emotionality, intuitivism (orientation of societal psychics to abstract ideals), and executivity (the female in gender which is directed to a process). From the viewpoint of our model, the evolutionary period will be defined by introversity (orientation to the spiritual essence), internality, rationality, pragmatism, sensority (orientation to mundane values), and intentionality (the male in gender which directed to a result).